12 The key structural components of a safe and comprehensive E-Navigation policy are:
.1 accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC“s), covering
the entire geographical area of a vessel‘s operation;
.2 accurate and reliable electronic positioning signals, with ”fail-safe‘ performance (probably
provided through multiple redundancy, e.g. GPS, Galileo, differential transmitters, Loran C and
defaulting receivers or onboard inertial navigation devices);
.3 provision of information on vessel route, course, manoeuvring parameters and other status
items (hydrographic data, ship identification data, passenger details, cargo type, security status
etc), in electronic format;
.4 transmission of positional and navigational information: ship-to-shore, shore-to-ship (e.g. by
VTS, Coastguard centres, hydrographic offices) and ship-to-ship;
.5 accurate, clear, integrated, user friendly display of the above information onboard and
ashore (e.g. using IBS or INS);
.6 information prioritization and alert capability in risk situations (collision, grounding etc), both
onboard and ashore; and
.7 reliable transmission of distress alerts and maritime safety information with reduction of
current GMDSS requirements by utilizing newly emerged communication technologies.
